| The Relics of Fine
Arts of the Era before Qin Dynasty were mainly the products like the
bronze wares, impressed potteries and primitive porcelains. |
| The
form of the most of the bronze wares of Zhejiang in Shang dynasty are
similar to the Central China's, for example, the Bronze Cooking Vessel
excavated in Anji county. During the period, the decorations of the bronze
wares were powerful in lines, lifelike in patterns, solid and stable in
structures which symbolized the stateliness, power and will of the rising
slave-owners. The Tortuous Dragon Bronze Plate excavated in Wenling was
delicate in foundry, elegant in decorative veins and about 61.5cm in its
caliber. It was the so-called 'King of All Plates'. Inside the plate there
was founded a tortuous dragon with its head high-stand. In Western Zhou
Dynasty, the bronze smelt industry of Zhejiang had developed in
large-scale production and formed the local style. The Cloud and Thunder
Veined Bronze Cymbal excavated in Changxing County was a typical southern
style bronze cymbal, which was decorated with veins of clouds and thunders
and was similar to the decorative patterns of the impressed pottery of the
time. Another excavation, the Turtle-veined Bronze Vessel was the only one
found in South China Region. It was decorated with the unique vein of
turtles at the inner bottom and C-like veins on its surface. It was full
of local flavor of Zhejiang. |
| In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the King
of Yue Kingdom, Goujian, perished the Wu Kingdom and became one of 'he
Five Tyrants In Spring And Autumn Period'. The bronze smelt industry in
Zhejiang had reached the height of splendor and the smelt level had been
as developed as that of the central China region and formed the vivid
local styles. The 17 bronze wares excavated in Shaoxing Potang, including
the Jiyuetongfang (a small bronze house with bronze performers in it), the
Soup Vessel and the Bronze Beast Guard of Tomb, were so various in shapes,
delicate in processing and beautiful in decorative patterns that they
marked the highest level of the industry then. As for The Bronze Beast
Guard of Tomb, there were tortuous dragon veins on the posts, green
precious stones inlayed and phoenix veins in its base and four genuflected
figures decorated with cloud and thunder veins as its feet. The
Dragon-veined Bronze Wine Utensil was complicated in decoration. On its
cover alone there were 11 dragons and 16 beasts. The knob of the cover
consisted of 7 round engraved twining hornless dragons with another four
surrounding them ready to prey. The mouth of the pot was made into a
dragon's head, followed by delicate dragon dorsal and tail fins on its
handle. It was novel and plump in the outer shape, and vivid and luxuriant
in details thus became the representative piece of the bronzes wares of
the South China region. |
| The impressed
pottery was a great creation which was the result of the struggles against
the natural world by the ancient Yue Tribe of Zhejiang and became the
cultural symbol of the tribe. There were several hundreds of impressed
pottery sites within Zhejiang province and among which the geometric
impressed pottery of the high memorial platform type and Maqiao type
excavated in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain formed the important
connotation of the culture of the pre-Qin Dynasty. There was a kiln of the
Shang Dynasty excavated in Shangyu. The impressed pottery was very popular
in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period. |
| The
impressed potteries of Zhejiang were usually made with the clay-strip
circling skill and then printed with various geometric veins. The
impressed potteries excavated in Changxin, Jiangshan and chun'an were the
wares of the Shang Dynasty which were loose in the clay density, thin in
its body and decorated with line, big pane, cloud and thunder and twisting
veins. The excavation found in Changxing, Huzhou and Anji were hard in
quality, thick in body and decorated with circle, twisting, flat cloud and
thunder and combined veins. Among the Yue Kingdom excavations found in
Shaoxing, there were coarse impressed potteries like jars and pots. The
impressed potteries and primitive celadon were usually found in the same
kilns during Spring and Autumn Period. The Impressed Pot of the Western
Zhou Dynasty excavated in Shaoshan was decorated with string veins in its
neck and printed the cloud and thunder veins on its body. The Impressed
Jar of the Spring and Autumn Period found in Chun'an was plump in
shoulder, stretched in its body and flat in bottom and was decorated with
the combined veins of the double-lined panes and diamond patterns. |
 |
The Dragon-veined Bronze Wine
Utensil |
| Zhejiang is one of the regions that the
primitive porcelain appeared comparatively earlier. The primitive
porcelain is the inevitable result of the development of the processing of
pottery. Among the excavations of Huangmeishan Kiln Site of the Shang
Dynasty in Huzhou were primitive celadon products like jars and standing
cups. The Huoshaoshan Kiln Site (in Deqing) had experienced the period
from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period where there
were such representatives of the early development stage of the primitive
porcelains of the Southern Yangtze River Region like the Primitive
Tube-shaped Container which was well decorated with cloud and thunder
veins and painted with green and brown glaze. The Primitive Porcelain
Standing Cup excavated in Jiangshan of the Western Zhou Dynasty was a
typical one of the early primitive standing cups. It was green and yellow
in glaze, decorated with string veins and pasted with clay spots. The
kilns of the Warring States Period spread over the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou
plain and the cities like Xiaoshan and Shaoxing. The porcelain wares
before the Warring States Period were mostly made with piled clay strips,
uneven in glaze and would carry a black or brown color in glaze due to the
iron element in the clay. The porcelain wares after the Warring States
Period were made with the wheel tools so they were uniform in shape, dense
in body, even in the green or light-yellow glaze. The glaze seldom
coagulated. The Primitive Porcelain Yong Bell of the Warring States Period
excavated in Zhenhai bore a dark yellow color with no obvious glaze. This
kind of quasi-bronze Yong bells was a unique skill of the ancient Yue
people in processing porcelain products. The Wuzhou Kiln was also one of
the earliest kilns that made the primitive porcelains. In the Spring and
Autumn Period and the Warring States Period its main products were wares
like pots, plates, bowls and cups. The Primitive Tube-shaped Porcelain Pot
of the Spring and Autumn Period was printed with cloud and thunder veins
and shinning green and yellow glazes on its inner and outer surfaces. The
pure and bright glaze as well as the close combination of the roughcast
and the glaze reflected the new stage of the porcelain-making skills of
the Southern region. |
 |
According to the recordation of The Lv' Spring
and Autumn Period, Gou Jian, the king of Yue Kingdom, forbad the usage of
bronze ceremonial wares to stop waste, so the nobles had to make porcelain
wares as the substitutions. One of the cultural characteristics of Yue
Kingdom's porcelain was the imitation to the bronze wares. After the
downfall of the Yue Kingdom, the making of the primitive porcelains
disappeared accordingly.
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