The Cotemporary Era of
Zhejiang Literature refers to the period from the early after-liberation
years when the literature was comparatively weak till today, totaling over
half a century.
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As for novel, there were such
works in the early after-liberation years like Chen Xuezhao's Working
Is Beautiful, Ji Fang's The People Traveled At Night, Zheng
Bingqian's Liu Jindao and His Wife which were mainly songs for the
new life and with the characteristic of the era. The Culture Revolution
caused the depression of the literature but later after implementing the
open and reform policy, Zhejiang Literature began to recover. There were
many novelettes and short stories, and formed various literature genres
like Scar Literature, Reconsideration Literature, Root-seeking Literature
and Reform Literature. In 1983, Li Hangyu wrote Relique of Shazhao
which made the Wu-Yue culture as its background; in 1985, Zhang
Tingzhu released He Died Before Daybreak which made the
Self-defense and Counterattack War as its theme. These two short novels
won the National Literature Award successively.
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In 1994, the female writer Ye Wenling
received a U.S. Award for her river novel The Valley Without
Dreams. And she also wrote the long history novel Qiu Jin and
some other novels.
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Another female writer Wang Xufeng won
the Mao Dun Literature Award by her tea peasants' trilogy published by
Zhejiang Arts Publishing House. The series consisted of The Southern
Woods (1995), The Nightless Marquis (1998) and Build Up A
City With Grasses (1999).
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Contemporarily, there were many
important novel collections like Li Hangyu's The Last Fisher and
Birthday Gift, Lin Jinlan's The Scenery of the Creepie Bridge
and Li Qingxi's sketchbook collection The World's Notes,
etc.
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There were such
important novelettes like Wan Zhecheng and Wen Xiaoyu's Soil, Ye
Lin and Xu Xiaoyu's A Yard With No Doorplate, Ye Wenling's The
Scenery of Changtang Town and A Romantic Dusk, Yu Hua's
Alive and Wang Biao's The Deadly Imitation, etc.
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There were such important river novels
like Xu Chi's autobiographic novel A Small Town of River South,
Cheng Weijun's chapter style novel The Resentment of Ou River and
Xi Shi.
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Besides, Zhejiang Arts Publishing House
published the Hangzhou-origin Taiwan writer Gao Yang's history novels
Hu Xueyan and Xiao Baicai.
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Wang Xufeng,
writer of The Tea Peasants' Trilogy |
As for poem, the old
poets like Ji Fang and Tang Shi continued their poem writing after
liberation. Apart from them, there were lots of part-time writers who were
mainly workers. In 1958, the whole nation began a large scale Great Leap
Folk Poem Movement but presented little good poems except Li Suqing's
Little Boat With A Roof. It won high praises for its charming
artistic conception. In 1960s and 1970s, the poem writing had mainly
served the political movements. Sing Towards the Sun was the
representative of the period which was a collection written by several
poets.
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In early 1980s, the aged,
middle-aged and young poets had pushed forward the writing of poems
togther with their jointed efforts. In 1983, Wang Jingzhi released Buy
Life From Hades and Jifang released the collection named I
Admire; in 1984, Mo Luo published the collection Cradle of
Dream and Tang Shi released The Beautiful Dreamy Journey; and
other middle-aged and young poets co-published their collections like
The Little Dense Woods in 1982 by Zhang Deqian, Ji Yigong, Guan
Sigeng, Cheng Weidong, Huang Yazhou and Xie Lubo and the female writers'
poem collection Our March 3Rd in 1983 by Bing Ling, Zuo Yalin, Ma
Yingying, Bai Hong and Yi Lin. Besides, poets like Huang Yazhou, Long
Bide, Ji Yigong and Wang Biao released many long poems, set poems and
short ones. The common characteristics of these poets are: they were brave
enough to tell the truth, developed the themes and improved the artistic
conception and use of language.
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From
the middle of 1980s, the poem style change greatly. The modern style and
realistic style interacted and developed together thus widened the views
and ideations of the poets. Poem genres grew from singularity into great
variety. In addition to the realistic genre, there were different genres
like the Southern Life genre represented by Ke Ping, Gong Hui and Li Hong;
the East Sea School represented by Wang Biao, Li Yue and Chen Yunqi; the
Pioneer genre represented by Liang Xiaoming, Li Xuntian, Pan Wei and
Liangjian. These poets not only released their poems in mainland China,
they also released their poems on the publications of Hong Kong, Taiwan
and U.S. The publication of poem collections increased year by year among
which there were many influential ones like Ji fang's The Love Song
With No Pause (1986), The Selected Collection of the East Sea
School edited by Chen Qi and Wang Biao(1992), Tang Shi's The Blue
Sonnet (1995), Ji Yigong's Facing the Sculpture (1995), Zhang
Deqiang's The Sensitive Wing-bell (1998), Long Bide's Eye
Contact With the Eagle (1998) and Lu Wenli's Incomparable Beautiful
Scenery (1999).
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| Besides, the Xia Chengtao Ci Poem
Collection released in 1981 and the Tianfeng Pavilion Poem
Collection released in 1982 were respectively old style Ci and poem
collections. |
As for prose, there had
been many prose about the new life and socialism during the early years
after liberation, most of which were released on the Zhejiang
Daily, such as Cao Xiangqu's The Rising Era (Jan. 1st 1950).
From 1957, the literature had fallen into a depression state till the
Third Meeting of the Party's Eleventh Convention.
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In the early 1980s, there had
been several hundreds reportages among which Li Junxu's Ah, Dragon
released on the magazine Contemporary won the national excellent
reportage award. In the late 1980s, the historical biography had been
developed greatly; for example, Heart Broken on Wu Ling published
in1987 was co-written by Xue Jiazhu and other writers.
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The
scribble developed a lot in the new era, not only in quantity, but also in
the relevant research. The magazine Zhejiang Study opened a special
column for the observations on scribbles.
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From
the 1980s, the prose inditement has been very active. In 1990s, there were
over 10 prose collections published per year. Ye Wenling and Zhao
Jianxiong were two most yielding writers then. Besides, there had been
such influential collections like Xie Lubo's Washing the Green Lichens
Alone (1993), Mo Xiaomi's In the Open Arms of the Sofa (1996),
Xue Jiazhu's Brushing Images (1997), Zhao Jianxiong's
Falderal (1997) and Lu Dunji's The Winds Blow and Clouds
Float-After Reading the History of Han, etc.
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| Besides, the Zhejiang-origined Taiwan
writer Qi Jun and Shanghai writer Yu Qiuyu used to release their own prose
collections then. |
During the period,
Zhejiang has made great progresses on dramas and films. The achievements
in the early years after liberation were as follows:
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1. The revision of the
traditional plays, such as: Kun Opera Fifteen Guan and Western Garden
Tales, Yue Opera Recognize the Mother in the Nunnery, Shao
Opera Fighting Thrice Against the White Skelton Monster, Wu Opera
Invite Pear Flower Thrice and Yong Opera Half Pair of
Scissors, etc. The famous Yue Opera play Rouge was adapted from
the story of the novel Strange Tales Form a Lonely
Studio.
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2. The newly written plays about the
ancient characters and stories, for example, Shao Opera Yu
Qian.
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3. Modern plays, for example, Yong Opera
The Two Brothers. Excellent plays were produced in great numbers
after the Open And Reform, such as: Yue Opera Five Daughters Offering
Birthday Felicitations, Lu You and Tang Wan and Ou Opera Miss
Qiu, etc.
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The composition of film plays came later
than drama. Gu Xidong wrote the play Miss Silk Flower in early
1960s; Yao Yun's Sonata of the Little Urchin won the special award
for the national excellent children's feature movies in 1980s; and in the
early 1990s, Huang Yazhou and Wang Tianyun's play Creation of the New
World won the national 12th Gold Rooster Award for
playwriting.
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From the year 1980, the composition of
teleplay has been active. There were such good plays with great influences
as Lu Xun, Hua Luogen, The Voiceover of A female
Journalist and The Saint Flame of China.
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Huang Yazhou,
writer of Sun Rises In The East |
The children's literature
has obtained outstanding achievements during the period.
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As for Children's novel, there
are such influential representatives like Li Jianshu and Shen Hugen.
The Blue Army Passing the Deference Line was the representative of
Li jianshu; the Young Classmate and The Precious were
representatives of Shen Hugen.
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As for
fairy tale, Zhao Bingbo is the most famous writer. He was regarded as the
representative writer of the contemporary lyric fairy tales for his clear,
elegant and beautiful style. Zhao Bingbo's main works included: Swing,
Swing¡, The Blue Whale's Eyes, Wolf Bat and the Death
of a Poisonous Spider, etc.
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As for
the children's poem, Tian Di is a nationally famous writer whose
representative work is Spring Of The Motherland.
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As for
allegory, Zhejiang writers is an important force of the national allegory
circle. Jin Jiang is the most influential writer of the nation with great
achievements. He wrote the Selection Allegories of Jin Jiang. In
2002, Sun Jianjiang's (pen name Yu Yu) collection Gastrologist's
Hunting won the 5th National Excellent Children's Literature Award of
the Chinese Writers' Association. And Sun Jianjiang is also a theorist for
the children's literature whose representative work is A Guide of
Chinese Children's Literature in 20th Century.
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Besides, the study and revision to the
folk tales also obtained outstanding achievements, such as the stories
about Liang Shangbo and Zhu Yingtai and The Tale of the White
Snake.
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| (Writer: Guo Mei, Translator:
Zhang Ying) | |